Spatiotemporal evolution and driving forces of ecosystem service value and ecological risk in the Ulan Buh Desert

A clear understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors ecosystem service value (ESV) landscape ecological risk index (ERI) can effectively link human well-being security, which is essential for sustainable management. Based on multitemporal land use data (1990, 2000, 2010, 2018), ESV ERI in Ulan Buh Desert was evaluated. The forces were quantitatively evaluated by Geodetector model. results show that 1) from 1990 to 2018, total increased 7.00×10 8 yuan 11.09×10 yuan. Low-ESV areas accounted approximately 72.28% study area. High-ESV moderate-high-ESV mainly distributed along Yellow River northeastern region. 2) During period, generally decreased; only region improved significantly, high-risk across sand dunes located middle desert. 3) There a negative correlation between area, main relationship low value-high risk. 4) Driving force analysis natural impact jointly affected differentiation Desert. Among influencing factors, interaction distance highway annual precipitation had strongest impact. implementation relevant policies area should be guided ERI, protection restoration various ecosystems must strengthened.